Comparison Of Two Books

Running Head : SOCIAL WORK mixer solveNameSchool /UniversityQuestion 1In the prefatory accedement of Chapter 2 , Bradford , Sheafor and Scott says that the main localise of cordial deed , promoting widely distributed benefit (p . 15 , has r permeatingly to a great expiration difficult to achieve after(prenominal) the events of September 11 and the contend on Iraq and Afghanistan . But what is sociable eudaimonia ? Bradford , Sheafor and Scott attempted to tramp rough light on the excogitation by send- clear up , dissecting its composite words , indeed , by providing a operational commentaryThey verbalize that purchase order s efforts to as legitimate some compassionate being take ar evaluateed affable welfargon (Bradford et . al ,.16 . They s embolden that affable pertains to soul(a) and groups inter natural actions , while upbeat implies concern for gentlemans gentleman well-being (Bradford et . al ,.16For them , the utilitarian definition of loving welf atomic number 18 is as followsSocial Welf ar is the displacement of on the wholeiance s dominant cordial philosophies into considerately policies , to be carried verboten by a placement of human run agencies and delivered by human serving trafficals in to fancy sociablely related needs of mortals , families and new(prenominal) house ticks , groups and /or communities by architectural plans fling br some otherwisely pro slews , ain benefit and /or well-disposed actions (Bradford et al ,. 17This definition seems to agree with how drinker no male plugaysed his consider watchword on the philosophic institution of friendly work . But posterior give-and-takes of Bradford , Sheaford and Scott on cordial upbeat veered off from the translation of philosophies to expungeionate policies to a critique of neighborly policies in th! e unify maintains in the past and present ecesiss . This is a label de voxure from succus toper s academic and objective approached in discussing the philosophic basis of sociable workIn his loudness , drinker presented the contrary models with disc e veryplace to upbeat convey s philosophical foundations . They atomic number 18 the conservative broad and radicalThe conservatives deliberate that customary serve wellance claim would encourage exclusiveal and cordial irresponsibility more than than than it provides a poster of defense force against penury , unemployment , sickness and so on . The wellbeing accede encourages sloth , teenage maternal quality and other forms of dependence (drinker ,. 15 . The conservatives see eudaimonia as a charity organized by the State . It is non a psychealized credit line to which the members of fraternity atomic number 18 authorise to ( juice reamer ,. 30The continuous tenses , on the other hand , bank that tender kindly welf be consumption in the boorish has been s asst(predicate) . They see that insufficiency in brotherly welf ar write off as the yard of watercourse vexing mixer problems ( reamer ,.15 ) The liberals see well-being as a fundamental the even must(prenominal)er up on way to which the individuals in ordering argon entitled to ( reamer ,. 30The radicals present a complex put onpoint . They believe that conservatives be class that liberals demand in like manner much from eudaimonia bow and liberals argon correct that the offbeat state has non by dint of enough (Reamer ,.15 . They n wizardtheless believe that the fiscal policies of eudaimonia states match their own endThe definition provided by Bradford , Sheamor and Scott appears to be neutral of these philosophical foundations since it uses the phrase translation of the monastic order s dominant hearty philosophies into fond policies stock-still , the discussion in the lat er part of the chapter provides a separate rack al! together . Chapter 2 shows as a liberal vantage point . This is particularly demonstrated by the umteen criticisms on several(prenominal)(prenominal) past administrations cordial eudaimonia policies . The chapter in growth comp bed the defense turn issuego with spending on human work in several administrations , and seemed to be against the trend towards little spending on human work and more defense spending . The authors showed a mark preference to increase human overhauls spendingAs a prelude to the authors subjective discussion of welf atomic number 18 in the United States , they s attend to that the index of a nation s keep fealty to its large number is its investment funds in brotherly programsThe rule admit provides an enumeration of the main stinting consumption of amicable programs front , curative of mixer problem which pertains to programs that are make believed to provide services mean to armed service wad who experience difficulty in a pa rticular font of favorable surgical procedure . The second is the sweetening of affectionate mental carry through which pertains to programs which emphasize the growth and increment of customers in a specific area of functioning . The third is the cake of loving problems which pertains to programs that identifies the basic causes of difficulty in mixer functioning and anticipate to stimulate transposes that volition keep the problems from developing (Bradford , et al , 25-26The book to a fault provides the four specific goals of mixer program . They are as follows (1 ) affectionateization of sight to the accepted norms and behaviors in iniquity night club (2 ) affectionate integration where mickle are service of processed to frame more conquestful in interacting with the world around them (3 well-disposed cook by removing spate from disposal executions when they whitethorn place themselves or others at risk and (4 ) loving variegates by stimulatin g changes that volition enhance the overall quality ! of heart (Bradford , et al , 26There are dickens mixer programs conceptions , the base hit net approach and the cordial utilities approach . The safety net approach pertains to programs that are be after as a way for participation to take to heart people when other amicable institutions , much(prenominal) as family and club , get turn up to do so The net safety approach is dole outed ease , selective and snip-limited (Bradford , et al ,.26 ) The sociable utilities approach pertains to programs with a view that human services is gild s frontline manner in addressing special K needs (Bradford , et al ,. 26 This approach is considered universal . It in like manner calls for the institutionalization of fond upbeat (Bradford , et al ,. 27The book provides for troika categories of welfare . They are enumerated as follows (1 ) genial provisions or those which are designed to fulfill fundamental needs (2 ) personal services or those which provides problem-solving and enhancement programs and intangible services that sustain people sever their affable functioning , and (3 ) companionable action which help change conditions that create difficulties in social functioning (Bradford , et al ,. 27Bradford , Sheaford and Scott says that pauperism is the individual most revealing indicator of success or mischance of social programs (p . 30 Poverty info shows some worrisome patterns . Gender- ground entropy shows that there are more distaff persons accompaniment in pauperization than male . Poverty data also show that there are more execrable people in highly urbanized cities than there are in rural areas . The authors attribute this to the movement of whealthy people to the suburbs . The data also shows that white people are the least potential to be poor that other ethnic groups lastly , the data shows that more single parents are poor than get married ones . In recounting , single mothers are more likely to be poor than single fathers . The authors urge social role inclineers ! to chalk up the patterns and their causes so that the hind end effect change in the society (Bradford , et al ,. 30However we moldiness calculate at the data presented higher up as one of the interpretation of existing culture regarding poverty . Because of the discrepancy between the numbers between male and female , young and old and white and other ethnic groups , the authors weigh that there is still discrimination in society in terms of race , gender or other positionors , and seems to ascertain at this as evidence of the need for more or better social welfare programs in the United StatesBradford , Sheamor and Scott presented the go on bias against certain members of the population through the acquirable data on poverty in the United States , they called it racial discrimination , sexism and other isms They centraliseed on social factors and politics as the give-up the ghost staff as to direction or trend of social welfare in the artless (p . 30 . This is a mark departure from Reamer s presentation . Reamer focused on the dominant philosophical ideas of the day and its effect on social welfare . An cause session of this is his discussion on how the ideas of washbowl Meynard Keynes on the need for the establishment s increased pertainments in social welfare has influenced the welfare policies of nations in contemporary whiles . He also state that Beveridge s concerns that social welfare may repress bonus and responsibility also touch the United States welfare policies Social work has complex ties with the state (Reamer ,. 1 gibe to Reamer , all crossways history is the contend over who is in-charge of social welfare (p .10 , the hole-and-corner(a) or prevalent vault of heaven contention over private or public welfare has an antique history (Reamer ,. 10 . Of publicly-sponsored welfare , he say thatPublicly-sponsored welfare is tied to deep-seated rulings nigh the goals of brass and the proper of citizens in rela tion to the states the responsibility of the state t! owards its citizens , the nature of governmental and complaisant liberty and the nature of social correctness (Reamer 2In fact he s uphold that the advancement of publicly sponsored welfare in the 18th and nineteenth century was less for altruism and more for the extremity to preserve the existing social . It was during these times that social programs devised in contemporary time suffer their rootsReamer s subsequent discussion on the history of welfare focused on philosophical antecedents . As an exercise he attributes social programs such as the welfare state to come from eighteen century Prussia and the courtly legislation of 1974 . Meanwhile , Bradford , Sheamor and Scott focused on the events and place of the country that brought just or so the social programs . Based on their recounting of the history of social welfare in the United States , the authors focused on the social situation at that time and how it affected the thought administration s policy on social welfare as well as the opinion of the tyrannical majority of the population on publicly-sponsored welfareAs an face of this differing presentation is the 2 workings discussion on the social welfare programs during the nonion . As presented by Bradford , Sheamor and Scott , before this level in history social problems are concentrated on other ethnic groups , such as the new stilld shameful slaves or the displaced Mexican or infixed Americans . During the falling off , poverty knew no color or race , bothone was hungry and out of work . For Bradford , Sheamor and Scott , the change in the policy on social welfare at this flow of history was caused by the citation of the predominant white ruling class of the United States that factors orthogonal the individuals can place him in a situation of poverty . Reamer s presentation , on the other hand , tiny the birth and rise in popularity of the free grocery philosophical system of Adam smith then , its fall from gr ace during the Depression . For Reamer , the stagge! r in welfare programs during the Great Depression was because of the loss of trust in the free grocery store philosophical system that was very popular in prior years before the DepressionQuestion 2Based on the classroom discussion , social welfare has twain particular categories . They are as follows (1 ) transactions that occur skilful(prenominal) of the grocery store system and (2 ) those that are designed to take away about a minimum level of care . The get-go mob considers those transactions that rent a person to acquire smashings or services for free or cheaper than the prevailing foodstuff expenditure as welfareReamer does non describe between these two categories in his discussion on the political philosophies of social welfareIn his discussion of the development of Adam Smith s laissez faire Reamer talked about the stand of that ism that welfare distorts market forces . For example , the philosophy believes that constancy should be free to name its judicial injury based on market forces , free from out of doors check . Since the commandment of the price of motor by the state is include by Reamer in his discussion of laissez faire , it is seen by him as an example of social welfare . This example , however falls into both categories of social welfare . State s regulation of the price of labor is part of labor legislation that provides for minimum standards for conditions of work . Hence , it is included in category two But at the same time , we are talking about fixing of a price outside of the market , although in this situation it is presumed that the price castigate is above what the market dictates . One way of viewing it , in terms of the first category , the receipt of wages in excess of the market is welfareReamer had his own discussion as to the two aspects of p promote service . First , he said that social welfare is aimed at the enhancement of the quality of life . It is a concept that is oft anchored in the universal better and public hobby (Reamer ,. 34Com! mon advanced is based on the idea that society is a partnership where members contribute in the pursuit of habitual goals and the darling of the individual depend on the good of the community . It is a concept that is ingrainedly frequent (Reamer ,. 34Public interest , on the other hand , pertains to both goals that a legitimate government may pursue to bring about their economic and abroad policies . Unlike common good , it is non inherently communal and encourages the promotion or pursuit of individual interests (Reamer ,br 35Based on these two anchors comes the two aspects of employmental service , one which focuses on the common weal and a nonher that focuses on individual interests . These two aspects translate the two extremes and Reamer considers these two aspects as the central debate on social welfare like a shot . There are m any differences between the two aspects . The originator believes in feature providing assistance to those in need with morphological change . The latter(prenominal) , on the other hand , believes in providing clinical services . The primary purpose of those who focus on the common weal is the individual well-being , community handling , brass section change , legislative lobbying and other forms of intervention . The primary purpose of those who focus on individual interests is the enhancement of individual functioning (Reamer ,. 36Most of Reamer s discussion focused on the extent of government s intervention in social welfare . There was a minute history of the growth of public-sponsored welfare and a discussion on the ongoing debate of when public sponsored welfare is too muchIn relation to publicly sponsored welfare , he discussed the concept of distributive justice . He believes that the central rootage to the philosophical materials on social welfare is the redistribution of riches (Reamer ,.25 . The concentration of the society s wealth in a few members of the population is seen as a cause of social p roblems However , distributive justice has had diame! trical connotations across time , and is not always seen as malefic or upon by some schools of thoughts (p . 26Another philosophical theme that Reamer discussed is the concept of welfare as a remunerate or a privilege . There are philosophers who believe that welfare is a fundamental rectify of a person . This belief is composed of two traditions , the liberal and the radical . The liberal point of view believes that welfare is a right that arises out of or by virtue of the financial s demoralize of person in society . It is necessarily connected to concept of property rights and the right of the person to protect his property from state intervention . The radical viewpoint sees welfare as the rampart of people from both the great power of government and private property . It sees welfare as a right that is absolute and unconditional and spouses a communal vision of property rights (Reamer ,. 30On the delve side of the coin are those who believe that welfare is a matter of privilege . The conservative viewpoint , for example , sees welfare as a charity not a right . This means that the members of the society cannot demand it of the state . It is just through the benevolence of the state that welfare is condition (Reamer ,. 30Welfare as right or privilege only looks at the extreme sides of the place , there are those who look welfare as not as a right or as a charity . This is called the intermediate view . This viewpoint believes that welfare should be balanced against competing claims , such as political , social and economic ones (Reamer ,. 30Question 3 Social histrions believe society has the responsibility to assist people in need , that people should be included in the making of decisivenesss that affect their lives , that corroboratory change in people can be come through through tradingal help (Bradford , Sheaford and Scott ,br 143Bradford Sheaford and Scott believe in the signification of a person s set in the decision-making . They sa id that set affect the manner by which human service! s organizations operates since set are the fundamental criteria that affects how the people in the organization makes their decisions (Bradford , et . al ,. 143Trying to differentiate which set are at work or germane(predicate) to the decision-making motion can be difficult because of several factors First , determine play a central part of the thought make Decision-making based on set is not a conscious effort it is difficult to identify which set influenced the decision-making service . Second , a person usually has interlockinging value . Some decisions may involve the comity of several value and some of these determine may not be harmonious with each other . Third , the abstract may be different from the real situation . Certain decisions make favoring a particular value system may dissolver in a different outcome than what is intended . conk out , values change over time . As the social prole matures in her firmament and acquired experiences in his or her pe rsonal and professional life , her value systems change . This means that his or her decisions in the later part of his or her life provide have a different set of criteria from the ones made during the instead parts of his or her lifeBradford , Sheaford and Scott made the enumeration of the ten values that a social proletarian essentialinessinessiness possess . They are as followsCommitment to the primary importance of individual to society - A social worker essential(prenominal) believe in the inherent worthy of a person since the individual is the center of the rule . A social worker essential believe that every person is unique and essential tailor his or her service based on that uniquenessCommitment to social change to meet socially accepted needs - A social worker s focus on the individual should not minimize his or her commitment to social change .

The social worker believes that society has the commerce to help peopleCommitment to social justice and the economic and physical well-being of all society - A social worker believes that each person have the right to participate in molding social institutions and decision process in the United States . A social worker essential believe that each person has a voice in the political process of the country . A social worker must also do to needs of the most vulnerable members of societyRespect and appreciation for the individual of different groups - A social worker recognizes the uniqueness of every individual and believes that renewing enrich the quality of life of the society . A social worker values a pluralistic society that can accommodate different beliefs , behaviors and customsCommitment to developing node s energy themselves - A social worker believes that a person affected must be personally engaged in the process of change and must work actively to bring about such change . As a corollary , a social worker must have a belief in a person s inherent capacity to make affirmatory changes and that a person must take responsibility for his own actions . A social worker must also be adaptableWillingness to channel knowledge and skills to others - A social worker must help thickenings change effectively by guiding the process . done this , a social worker prevents the leaf node from sightly qualified . A social worker must not only share his or her expertness with clients he or she must also share such knowledge with colleagues . A social worker must not hoard his or her expertise for to do so would be detrimental to the services provided by the organization to its clientsWillingness to keep personal feelings and needs come by from professional family kinship - A social worker must focus on the needs of clients ! and not on his or her own personal difficulties . A social worker must remain objective . The development of a personal relationship with a client is detrimental to the client since the latter losings the presence of an objective helperRespect for the confidentiality of relationships with clients - A social worker must provide the maximum level of security on the breeding received from clients . Through his profession , a social worker is given access to sensitive information on the client s private life . A social worker has a concern to maintain the client s confidence in the professionWillingness to hold on in effort on behalf of clients despite frustrations - The client s situation do not develop quickly , uncomplete does it resolve itself easily . A social worker must value tenacityCommitment to a high standard of personal and professional transport - A social worker must act up problem in a manner that protects the interest of the public , the agency , clients and the social worker (Bradford , et . al , pp . 143-151The authors also discussed the areas of protection intercommunicate by the NASW tag of moral philosophy . The Code of Ethics provides standards for the different aspects of a social worker s consecrate . They are as follows (1 ) social workers honorable responsibilities to clients (2 ) social workers honourable responsibilities to colleagues (3 ) social workers honest responsibilities in practice settings (4 ) social workers ethical responsibilities as professionals (5 ) social workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession , and (6 ) social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society (Bradford , et . al , pp 152-153Reamers defined the nature of ethics as what is virtuously right and wrong He said that normative ethics has the most direct bearing on social work since it involves the application of moral concepts and principles on what is chastely right or wrong in professional practice (Ream er ,br 45-46Reamer said that there are three normativ! e state/write heads under which normative ethics is subsumed . These are authoritative , distributive and substantive questionsAuthoritative questions knotty the decision on whether to interject or not in the client s life . This decision is affected by three factors technical , empirical and ethical . The technical factors involve the experiences of the social worker in his or her practice . It concerns what is called practice wiseness and accumulates through time and practice . The empirical factors relate to experience . The ethical factors are those which involve the determination of what is morally right and wrong . All these factors come into play before the social worker decides whether or not to intervene in the life of a particular client (Reamer br. 49Distributive questions are snarled in decisions such as which interest should the social worker be concerned with and the manner by which the goods and resources willing be divided among recipients . Reamer did not accept that providing help to other members of the society is an ethical arrangement . kind of he presented both sides of the arguments . If we work out that people have an ethical obligation to help other people in need , we need to consider that extent to which such an obligation is morally good . If we suppose , as a corollary , that government has an ethical obligation to provide aid to its needy citizens , we must consider the extent to which government must provide aid to its citizens . On the other hand , if we consider that people do not have an ethical obligation to help others in need , then we are look that all aid given to the portion of the population in need will be on a purely voluntary basis (Reamer , pp . 50-51In relation to this issue , Reamer discussed the tyrannical and negative obligations . These are the contradicting obligations of barter to give aid and the commerce to respect a person s right to freedom from interference (Reamer ,. 51Substantive questions are involved in decisions on which actions ! and resources are worthy and good on their own account and for what reasons (Reamer ,. 65 . Reamer made a distinction between the determination of which actions are good and which resources are good The former requires the consideration of whether the action is right wrong or obligatory . An example of this question usually involves the consideration of whether to interfere on the client s life or not . The latter requires the determination of whether or not the resources are morally good or lamentable . An example of this question is whether a particular social program is good or bad (Reamer , pp . 65-66In relation to his discussion of substantive questions , Reamer discussed the issue of conflict of traffic . He presented the classification between prima facie duty and developed duty . Prima facie duty is a duty that we should perform outside of any ethical considerations while actual duty is the product of an attempt to consort two or more conflicting prima facie dutiesAs sh own by the discussion above , Bradford , Sheaford and Scott concentrated in discussing the accepted values and ethics of the profession . They presented the standards that have been determined by the modulate body of the profession or by the considered experts in the field . They accepted the values and ethics as to be morally good and do not question its appropriateness , duty or desirabilityWe can see that the Bradford , Sheaford and Scott is inclined to believe in the ten values that are enumerated in their book as the values that a social worker should have and that the Code of Ethics provided by NASW must be complied with by a social worker who wants to practice his or her profession in the straight and minute pathOn the other hand , Reamer presented us with the questions that social workers much face in the practice of their profession . He provided us with guidelines on how these questions are usually decided , such as the factors that come into play in the decision-maki ng process . He told us that factors , other than eth! ical ones , come into play in the decision-making process . He makes no moral conclusions as to what is morally right or wrong , instead , he presented , the conflicting views out there , and the arguments for each . In certain cases , he provided criticisms on these schools of thought . But he did not make any moral or ethical decisions on the issues discussed on the book . He did not provide a list of morally acceptable behavior and belief . Instead Reamer left hand the decisions on what is morally good or bad to the social worker as each situation presents itself , but he provided the social worker with philosophical insights to aid the decision-making process .In legion(predicate) ways , Reamer s discussions are not only germane(predicate) to social workers . It is also relevant to those who take part in the making of policies in relation to social welfare . It provides a guide in the determination of what is good and desirable and also provides support for the determination reached . It also makes the decision-maker informed of the value judgments he is making while involved in the practice of social work or in the policy-making process . On the flip side , it provides an insight into how policies on social welfare are formed by the State ReferencesKernis , M . H , Cornell , D ., Sun , C . R , Berry , A Harlow , T (1993 . There s more to self-confidence than whether it is high or low : The importance of stability of self-pride . Journal of record and Social Psychology , 65 , 1190-1204 (Sample entrySocial Work PAGE 17 ...If you want to get a full phase of the stagnate essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper